Why did I write this book? I quickly recall the day when I was reading a book, I read these lines, and “I don’t want to perfect the Environment. I want to create a world where the environment doesn’t need protection”. These lines inspired me a lot and I decided to write my views about organisms and Environmental issues. In my book, I discuss both, the organism & the environment and of course how they interact with each other. You all will find some theoretical perspective, viewpoints, research, facts and much more. As you read this book, you will find several abstract ideas of several scholars.
The Title of this book is “Organism and Its Environmental Issues in a Changing Scenario’. This book is divided into Five Sections dealing with the different types of definitions, viewpoints, case studies, different types of management and various kinds of intervention techniques.
In SECTION- A ‘Organism and Its Environmental Issues’ are Introduced. In this Section We Introduced the problems related to the Organisms and their Environmental Issues.
The Chapter-1 of this book is known as “Organism and Their Environmental Problems,” written by Dr. Karuna Anand. This chapter described the concept of the organism and the Environmental also. Four major elements of Environment are also introduced in this chapter, as we also found on the types of Environment. Physical and biological Environment also discussed Global Environmental Problems such as pollution, waste disposal; Global warming, Deforestation, Ozone layer depletion, Acid rain and loss of biodiversity are also presented in this book.
In Chapter-2 “A Cup of Tea: Benefits and Risks” by Dr. Rakhi Dwivedi emphasized the benefits of tea & focused on the risk factors of tea also. In this chapter we can find the history of tea in India & the types of tea such as Herbal tea, True tea, & Processing tea. The health related benefits are also there like- Protects heart health, Boosts energy, May aids weight loss, supports mental health, regulates blood sugar, Aids digestion, prevents Arthritis & Help in Fighting Against Cancer also. Some healthy Risks of Tea are also found in this chapter.
Carcinogens in Tea bags, Effect of fluoride Effect of Caffeine, oxalates, Tannies, Hot drinking Temperature are also in the book.
Chapter-3 named “Environmental Crises Caused by the Use of Pesticides” is focused by Dr. Gargi. She believed that one of the major challenges for civilization around the globe is the Environmental crisis due to the use of pesticides. Pesticides are widely used by the farmers during production of food and to increase the storage life of food. Pesticides are resistant to breakdown and remain in soil and water and thus in food. Once in the system the pesticides enter the food chain and those on the higher trophic levels are more adversely affected because the pesticides are known to Bio accumulates and Bio magnify at every higher trophic level. Persistence, fat solubility and Sub lethal effects are the main qualities of pesticides which lead to disastrous effects in birds, animals and human beings. In India 145 types of pesticides are registered to use. Organ chlorines and organophosphate are largely used. All pesticides are potential enough to cause harm to the Environmental, animals and humans. If not used Judiciously Educations awareness and law enforcement can reduces the use of pesticides to great extent. We should make every effort to make our planet free from pesticides.
Chapter-4 “Understanding the Environmental Issues from Behawioralna Psychological Perspective” Introduced by Navdeep Saluj.At a glance, the Environment from the behavioural perspective is quite different from the physical dimensions of the ecosystem which defines Environment, how the behaviour serves an adaptive function in its environment. Severe issues can affect one’s behaviour, the organisms “operate” the Environment and clearly we should be stamped in or stamped out according to our behaviour, clearly reinforcement stands for strength and same we can reinforce our surroundings by our behaviour & actions. Our feelings maintain behaviour which gives long term or short term consequences, We can strategize our behaviour or we can say that say control can be implied in certain ways. The whole loop between the Environmental and our actions is going on, and the behaviour illuminates this circular relationship.
In Chapter-5 “Recent Trends in Supply Chain Management and Their Effects on Environment” emphasized by Swapnail Gaur.This chapter focuses on the concept of Logistics and supply chain management that came into play during late 1940’s from the field of military operations. The concept got worldwide acceptance and importance and is regarded as a distinct field of management study. The concept has gone through various historical phases and the council of SCM professionals has defined it as “SCM encompasses the planning and management of all activities involved in sourcing and procurement, conversion and all logistics management activities. Importantly it also included coordination and collaboration with channel partners which can be suppliers, intermediaries’ third-party service providers and customers. In essence, SCM integrates supply and demand management with and across companies.” The different phases through which SCM came through and is what we know it today are as follows-
Prior to 1950: Transportation of military facilities.
1950-70: Physical distribution of goods.
1970-80: concept of SCM was born.
1980-90: concept was acknowledged in 1985.
Present day: SCM was reflected as a tool for planning in tertiary education.
Green supply chain can be defined as the relevant involvement of Environmental thinking into SCM. The thinking can be employed in product design, material sourcing, material selection manufacturing, delivery of the product, etc. The basic idea behind green supply chain is to involve the idea of Environment in each and every stage of the product and service in a supply chain. Biodiversity and land use are the most important aspects of our Environment. So SECTIONS-B has introduced with its theme “Biodiversity And Land Use.”
“A Study of Land with Special Reference to L. Dudeey stemp’s Concept of it’s Wise Use,” is introduced in Chapter-6 By Dr. Indu Singh Rajput.
This chapter focuses on some growing population related problems. Growing population is the mother of all problems. We all know things such as unemployment, poverty etc. but have you ever thought about the resources land, which is very limited. Limited land for growing food and even all the area is not for living. Half is covered with dense forest and the other is occupied by sea water or water bodies. The static of land does not give good signs for our future generation. Before the gazarelous consequences we should think about every aspect and try to make some effort because the day is not that because of population explosion the ratio blw natural resources to human beings would be worse.
In Chapter- 7 “Going Vegan for the Planet ‘’ is covered by Dr. Renu Sharma. This chapter highlighted that in the past few years the word “veganism” has gained the much-needed momentum. Many people around the world have joined the movement understanding the role it plays in Environmental degradation. A majority of people choose veganism because of their lowness for animals. Another important aspect needed to analyse is the impact it has on the Environment. Agriculture, particularly meat and dairy products accounts for 70% of global freshwater consumption, 38% of the total land use and 19% of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions, says a report. A vegan diet also produces all the necessary nutrients and on top of that there is a lower risk of obesity, cholesterol, carcinogenic food etc.
Pollution is the release of substances into air, water or soil that are harmful to living things. These harmful substances are called pollutants. Pollution creates big mental problems. So we introduced Section-C Pollution.
In Chapter-8 “Reduce Plastic Pollution Save Earth” created by Dr. Anupma Gaur. She believed that it was strange but reality, how plastic has become such an integral part of lives, life without plastic is next to impossible, but its usefulness can’t escape the fact how badly we are affected, marine and micro plastic based upon size and how badly they are affecting the lives on land, marine life. How badly it will take space in our statics clearly showing the usage every minute. Some programmes were working effectively but the hazardous gases or dumped garbage were affecting our life and giving us diseases such as asthma, cholera etc. All of the above we need to manage the plastic waste and plastic usage just by giving little contribution.
Chapter-9 “Pollution with Special Reference to Air Pollution” is covered by Dr. Karuna Anand and Dr. Lalit Kumar. They introduced the Air Pollution in their Chapter. The main kinds of Environmental pollution are air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution and noise pollution. In this chapter air pollution will be explained in detail. Most of the air pollution is because of burning of fuel to run vehicles and smoke from the chimneys of factories and power stations. The smoke and harmful gases pollute the air. This chapter also includes the primary & secondary pollutants. What is the effect of air pollution on the Environment as well as on the human’s is also emphasized. Prevention of air pollution such as Dispersion, gravitational setting, absorption rainout, adsorption is also discussed in this chapter also.
“Plastic: The Corporate Dilemma Sustainable Future” is the next Chapter-10 Introduced by Dr. Savita Agarwal .She focused that plastic is one of the most ubiquitous material that makes modern life possible as it is used in computer keyboards to smart phones, car components to coffee-cup lids, medical devices to satellites, packing material to water bottles. Plastic contributes to economic growth but their current production and use pattern on a linear model of take mobs use, and dispose: is a primer driver of natural resource depletion, waste, Environmental degradation, climate change and adverse human health effects. In the world, 50% of the plastic of total manufacturing is thrown away by using once, which is known as “Single-use plastic”. We use this single-use plastic in our daily life in the form of water bottles, disposing containers, low-density polythene bags, food containers, shampoo pooches, potato chips’ bags, disposals etc. This plastic cannot be used again. Littering of this single-use plastic causes irreversible damage to the Environment as it releases carbon on decomposition. Plastic is primarily land filled, recycled or incinerated-each of which produces methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases which not only affect the Environment but damage the ozone layer also. Today the need of the hour is to change the way the plastic industry and its associates work. The major industries those are dependent on the plastic industry i.e. the food and beverages industry, packaging industry. Today’s worldwide concern is to reduce plastic use by these industries and find a way through which these industries can sustain even with limiting their dependency in the plastic industry.
You may have heard about many great damages to human life and properties such as Earthquake, cyclone, floods, tsunamis, drought, famine and volcanic eruptions. These all are some disasters also due to the climate changes, so we introduced a New SECTION-D which is climate change. In this section we have introduced four interesting chapters.
In Chapter-11 “Earthquake: Natural Environmental disaster” created by Dr. Alpana Rani. They discussed that Earthquakes shake the ground surface, can cause buildings to collapse, disrupt transport and services and can cause fires. They can trigger landslides and tsunamis. Earthquakes occur mainly as a result of plate tectonics, which involves blocks of the Earth moving about the earth’s surface. The blocks of rock move past each other along a fault. Smaller earthquakes called foreshocks may precede the main earthquake and aftershocks may occur after the main earthquake. Earthquakes are mainly confined to specific areas of the Earth known as seismic zones, which coincide mainly with ocean trenches, mid-ocean ridges and mountain ranges.
In next Chapter-12 “Social and Psychological Consequences of COVID-19 in Indian Perspective” is introduced by Dr. Madhu Bala and Dr. Neetu Chaudhary. Whether more or less covid affected everyone in different ways. There is a direct effect on physical as well as mental health. Social and psychological both lives are disturbed due to this pandemic. No-body knows how much time it will take to recover the wounds/post-covid effects. It is a worldwide problem but the recent condition of covid in Indian perspective, according to govt. In India (Arogya Setu) July 2021, 42260(Active cases), 30269796 (Recovered Cases), 413609 (Deceased Cases) and 31106065 (Conformed Cases) cases across India. Due to covid-19 human psychology may also differ in response to the pandemic comparatively normal days. The Whole country had to be shut down, and all activities had to be stopped with minimal people interaction. Hence, inevitably the country had to be brought under lockdown. In this regard, the Indian government started taking a strong stand against this pandemic attack in the mid of March. By the last week of March, India sealed all internal and external borders. From March 22, the whole country is under a lockdown phase that has now been extended till May 3, 2020. In the COVID-19 crisis food security, public health, and employment and labour issues, in particular workers’ health and safety, converge. Due to this type of situation the whole country faces many social and psychological problems such as: anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, low self-confidence, worst mental health, different types of life insecurities etc.
The present research has design on how covid-19 affects the social and psychological life of all age brackets and mainly researchers focus on the possible solution, which is helpful to cope up with the side effect of covid as well as to slow the spread of pandemic and minimize its social damage.
In Chapter-13 “Pandemic and Its Impact’’ by Tanisha” In a present scenario this chapter focused on covid-19. Covid is a large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to serious disease. Day by Day millions of people ranging from infants to elderly people. It affects people in various ways, not just their physiological health but also their psychological health. It is surely affecting the environment, animals, finance and society. It is a global health crisis from which we have to go through by following the given guidelines and keep protecting ourselves as well as our loved ones. Vaccination can result in an end of this pandemic as more people get the vaccine. Groups of people start to build a collective defence against the virus So that isolated sparks of infection burnout instead of spreading into an outbreak herd community. Everyone is affected due to it in almost every aspect, but maintain social distancing, being in quarantine, kind to those who are suffering from it, and effective towards your loved ones. Real upon official news and keep yourself in check in terms of mental and physical health can be effective against Corona and its different mutations, till they stay safe.
Chapter-14 “Our Farming Earth Diet and Climate Change” is created by Dr. Roopali Gupta. There is mounting evidence to show that mankind is at a critical juncture in the history of the earth. Everywhere, from the Americas to Australia, there are bush fires raging, extreme weather events, oceans warming, sea levels rising, and thousands of species dying out. Anthropogenic activity has destroyed much of the earth and has contributed to the gradual warming of its land masses and oceans, to the extent that now, i we don’t become proactive, we face the very real threat of making our planet so inhabitable that all life on it, including us, will die out. In this paper I will argue that animal agriculture is the leading cause of global warming. We urgently need to rethink our dietary preferences if we want our future generations to survive.
Waste Management is the most important and relevant topic of this book. How should we save our environment through the climate? How can we adjust with our environment? These are the most important questions which arise in our mind. So some new chapters are introduced in Last Section-E waste Management.
Chapter-15 “Biomedical Waste and Its Environmental Impacts” focused on Bio medical waste. Waste is something that is not necessary and we all know that but Bio medical waste is something which needs to be treated very properly and to be disposed of very effectively. Use of plastic in biomedical waste is something big, being not aware about it. It is creating pollution and harmful bacteria are being released into the environment. Some different disposal methods are also implied which are working very effectively such as the segregation method. So we should consider it very seriously because it’s our fundamental right to clean the environment because in the end we are the ones who are going to face the consequences.
In Chapter-16 “Impact of Radioactivity on Life and Environment” by Sanjay Kumar was created. In this chapter the benefits of radiation are used to the benefits of human life & environment also. This Chapter is focused on Alpha radiation, Beat decay, Gamma decay. This chapter also highlighted the impact of radioactivity on life and environment. It also focuses on the disposal of Radioactive wastes such as high level waste, low level waste and intermediate level waste also. As we know that Radiation has both (Positive and Negative) components, we use this radiation for medical uses, Academic & Scientific Application, Industrial uses & Nuclear power plants. On the other hand if we included it negatively we saw many diseases occur due to these radiations.
In Chapter-17 “Bioremediation of Biopolymers’ ‘ are discussed by Dr. Alka Vyas. Bioremediation is a branch of biotechnology which deals with the use of living organisms to release pollutants and toxins from soil and water. Microorganisms used to perform the function of bioremediation are known as bio remediators. It can be used to clean up environmental problems like oil spill or contaminated ground water by industrial effluents as well as by domestic sewage. Bio remediation is totally based upon natural processes and the end products of this treatment are harmless such as carbon dioxide water and cellular biomass. This can be achieved in situ or ex-situ and mediated by microorganisms like bacteria, algae and white rot fungi. Nowadays demand for eco-friendly and sustainable alternatives are currently rising due to advancement in technology including nanotechnology.
Biotechnology and Engineering:
Water and soil contamination could be controlled by using naturally occurring Biopolymers like collagen, gelatine, fats, chitin and starch. These Biopolymers are micro Billay induced polymers that are high-tensile and economically feasible.
It can be stated that many naturally occurring organisms. Both plants and animals have potential to be modified as Biopolymers and used in various fields of science and technology.
Further in Chapter-18 “Environment And Sustainable Management” Introduced by Dr. Sudesh Ramavi.
Chapter-18
Mother Nature provides us with energy necessary requirements that we human beings save for. Environment is the sole gas on our planet. Earth out of the whole solar System is Habitable without this part of Earth the Existence of Human Beings of Life on Earth is impossible.
Though we know this truth and yet we continue to obliterate this gift for the purpose of our needs to be satisfied. Plastic which never ends even after high temperature, water, erosion or weathering continues to Sustain. This not only leads to the Planet becoming a garbage pit but also releases toxins and is swallowed by animals who cannot survive the Suffocation. It is high time we step up for the Security of our & the upcoming generations future, Reduction in pollution, Believing in the 3Rs – Reuse, Reduce, Recycle & going grum only same us from the Bad days yet to come if this continues and Act like our house is on fire to extinguish & Revive it.
Chapter-19
It has focused on ‘Psychology of waste management and its promotion’. This chapter is written by Kaushlndra Pratap Singh, Vinay Kumar, Abhilash Singh, Dr. Lalit Kumar Singh. This Chapter emphasizes that we are living in the century which can be described as the time for the technological advancement of our Society. The advanced technology serves the people for a better lifestyle and comfort.
Along with this, we are also facing diverse problems as the by-product of advancement and also due to the increase in the world population one of the serious problems that we are facing in the management of the waste of our day to day functioning like poly bags, medical waste etc. The improper disposal action of the waste leads to various actions of the waste leads to various physical as well as psychological issues. This chapter aims to cover various psychological aspects that why people does or does not take part in the management of the waste and various approaches to managing waste concepts that may help in understanding the behaviour of an individual can face due to poor waste management and provides some brief data on global and national waste generation and its management following by an update on advanced waste management techniques available today.
Last but not the least in Chapter-20 notify in their article, ‘Present Techniques of Waste Management’: This chapter was introduced by Sadhana Singh & Sudeshna Singh. They introduced several aspects of several management techniques. Waste management is the process of collecting the waste material and then recycling or reusing it effectively. We should contribute as much as we can so that we can manage waste properly.
This book, “Organism and its Environmental issues in a changing scenario” surely enhances your knowledge.